Pediatric gastroenterology is a subspecialty in which physicians diagnose and manage young patients with acute and chronic diseases involving organs of the digestive system (i.e., esophagus, stomach, intestines, hepatobiliary system, and pancreas) and with nutritional disorders. According to the...

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a noninvasive therapy that uses pulses of high-energy shock waves to treat several conditions that cause severe heel pain, including chronic plantar fasciitis. The therapy is designed for adult patients who have had symptoms for a minimum of six months...

The subspecialty of adolescent medicine focuses on the unique physical, psychological, and social characteristics of adolescents (patients age 10 to 25) and their healthcare needs and problems. According to the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine (SAHM), adolescent medicine physicians can...

Orthotics and prosthetics (O&P) is the allied health profession that provides evaluation, fabrication, and custom fitting of orthopedic braces and artificial limbs. An orthotics practitioner provides or manages the provision of an external orthopedic appliance such as a brace or a splint...

According to the Association of Physician Assistants in Obstetrics and Gynecology (APAOG), the duties of an OB/GYN physician assistant (PA) vary from practice to practice, but generally include the healthcare management of women from adolescence to adulthood.

A nurse practitioner (NP) is an advanced practice nurse (APN or APRN) who provides primary care and specialized services to patients across a variety of settings and specialties, including acute care as well as adult, pediatric, geriatric, and family medicine. NPs can provide diagnoses and...

Lasers are used in a variety of medical and surgical procedures to cut or destroy abnormal or diseased tissue, tumors, and lesions, or to seal blood vessels. They are also used in cosmetic surgery. Numerous medical fields, including cardiology, dermatology, gynecology, neurosurgery,...

Physician assistants (PA) in critical care are licensed practitioners who practice under physician supervision. To qualify for practice, candidates must first complete an educational program accredited by the Accreditation Review Commission on Education for the Physician Assistant (ARC-PA) or...

An otolaryngologist, sometimes referred to as an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) physician, manages and treats adult and pediatric patients who have diseases and disorders of the ear, nose, throat, and related structures of the head and neck.

Physician assistants (PA) in endocrinology are licensed practitioners who practice under physician supervision. The privileges of any PA are decided in large part by the supervising physician.

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